Natural vegetation In Nepal

Various types of natural vegetation are found in  Nepal. Land form, climate, soil  type altitudes etc have brought this diversity in the pattern of the natural vegetation. The Distribution pattern of the natural vegetation is found according to the altitude  in general. There are six broad type of natural Vegetation in Nepal.

The Topical and sub tropical forests are found  in Taria and Chure.  Sal, Sisau, Khayar, Satisal anr mainly found in these forest. Temperate forest is found above the sub tropical forest where trees such as Kattus, Chilaune, uttis, and Malato are found. Evergreen Coniferous forest is found above the temperate forest. The tree  species such as Laliguras, BhojPatra, Dhupi, Salla etc are found in this forest.

 

The Alpine forest is found above the ever green coniferous forest where thorny bushes are commonly found because of low temperature are found. Snow and glaciers covers the cold desert area. The vegations such as lichens and mosses are found in this area.

Monsoon Climate In Nepal

About 80% rainfall occurs in Monsoon in Nepal, so that there is remarkable diference between average annual rainfall and the average monsoon rainfall. Like the pattern of annual rainfall, monsoon  rainfall pattern also decrease from the east to the west. The western part of Nepal also higher monsoon rainfall compared to annual rainfall.

The Summer monsoon orginates in the Bay of Bangal and moves along the southern flank of the Himalayans. Thus, the rainfall decreases from the east to west. It is heavily concentrated in the southern part of Annapurna Region , eastern Nepal and in the Langtang  area. The northern part of the mid west and far west receives less monsoon rainfall compared to the other part of country.

The maximum rainfall has been recorded at Lumle in Pokhara. Unlike mean annual rainfall, the north western part of the country also receives higher amount of  rainfall  in summer

 

The monsoon Climate is favorable for rice plantation in Nepal. Most of the people in village area are busy in their field, working with muddy field for planting rice for their next year food source.

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Summers and Winters In Nepal

Summer remain  hot and moist in Nepal in general. But the generalization of climatic condition is too difficult. Variation notices in place  within the altitude and latitude. This variation is resulted by the physical diversities of the country. Like the  winter season, the temperature zones in summer sun in east-west direction parallel to the topographic features. The temperature in May, June and July are the hottest throughout the country.

In summers the Southern Terai Belt experience hot weather condition with 27 to 30 degree temperature. Western Tarai experience higher temperature than the average of tarai and sometimes ‘ hot waves ’ also take place.

The Hill reason experience 20 to 24 degree temperature. However, inner Tarai, river valley ans basins experience 20 to 27 degree temperature on average. The temperature of the mountain regions remains below 6 degree in general. But the temperature of the higher altitude above 5000m and snow covered areas remains below zero degree.

Temperature goes on decreasing with the increase in the altitude. Besides, the local factor such aas mountains, slope and aspects also influence the temperature. The temperature zones run in east to west this clearly shows that temperature decrease from south to north.

The winter temperature of the northern Nepal goes below -3 degree Celsius while it remain at 15 to 20 degrees in the southern part. It is quite cold in the Mountain region . the temperature of Tarai, inner Tatai, and Chure remain around 12 to 18 degree Celsius.  Tarai  experience  extreme cold in the morning . The cold waves has sometimes damage winter crops.

 Kathmandu Valley also experience very cold temperature in winter and sometime goes below zero degree. The temperature of the middle belt remain between  6 to 9 degree on an average. It is neither too cold nor too hot in this region. The average  temperature of the northern part of the country is low while the average temperature of the southern is high.

Rivers and Hydropower Projects In Nepal

Nepal is the second largest countey after brazil in water resources. There are thousands of rivers in the country. Most of the big rivers in the country originates  from the mountain and Middle hill. The river orginaring from the mauntains such as Arun, TamaKoshi, kaligandaki,Karnali, ans so on are snow fed rivers. These are perennial rivers.

The  flow of the water in the rives is originated from the middle hill  decreases in winter season. The rivers originating from the Churiya are naot –perennial so they dry up in the winter. There are three most important River system in Nepal; Koshi, Gandaki and Karnali. The Koshi is the longest river of Nepal. It has Seven Tributaries namely Arun. Tamor, Sunkoshi,Dudkoshi,Likhu, Tamakoshi, and  Indrawati which drain the estern reason of Nepal.

Gandaki lows in the central part of the Country. It has also seven main tributaries namely Kali-Gandaki, Bhudi-Gandaki, Marsyangdi, Trishuli, Seti, madi and  Daraudi. Similarly, Karnali flows in the western part of the Nepal and has its main tributaries as Humla Karnali, Mugu Karnali, Bheri, Tila  and Seti.

Besides these main rivers there are many important rivers of second and third order. Some of them are Mechi, Kamala, Bagmati, Rapti, Mahakali and so on.

Beside Many river in  Nepal, It has not get most of its renewable natural resources like water. Production of the electricity is Low. The history of hydro electricity started in 1911 with the development of th Pharping Hydropower plant. By 2009 Nepal produces 635 MW of electricity from both big and small hydroelectricity projects.

 Among the major hydro plants , Kaligandaki(144MW) , Marsyangdi(69MW), Kulekhani I(60MW), Kulekhani II(32MW), Khimti(60MW), Bhotekoshi(36MW), Trisuli(21MW), Devghat are the important for generating electricity in Nepal. Among the smaller hydro power project Seti(15KW), Tatopani I & II(2000KW) , phewa(1088KW), Tinau, and namche are significant. 

Airports In Nepal

Airports in Nepal plays a very important roles as it carries goods and services to and from places very quickly  because of the tough Geographical structure. Air service in  Nepal started after establishing Royal Nepal Airlines  Corporation. It provides both domestic and international air services. In addition to NAC, there are also many private airlines in Nepal.

There are 45 airports in Nepal. The Tribhuvan international Airport(TIA) in Kathmandu is the only international Airport. The big jets at first land here and tourist and other people fly to other places by small  aircraft operating as domestic flights. Most of the domestic flights to hill and mountain are operated from Kathmandu and few from Biratnagar, Pokahara and Nepalgung.

In addition to TIA, there are 33 all weather airports from where flights operates in rainy season too. Out of total airports 13 are in Tarai District, 16 in Hill and 15 airports in Mountain district.